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[Correspondence] Clarification regarding ethical review of Paolo Macchiarini’s research

On Jan 1, 2004, a law came into force in Sweden concerning the ethical review of research conducted in human beings. This law covers research conducted in living human beings, on human cadavers, and on biological material from human beings, and the handling of sensitive personal information. The Swedish Research Council considers Paolo Macchiarini’s activities1 to be research conducted in human beings.

The changing face of the MJA

A new look

In July 2016, we will be changing the face of the Medical Journal of Australia with a new improved layout to make the Journal easier for you to use. We have also adjusted the formats of some of our article types (our revised Instructions for Authors are now available at https://www.mja.com.au/journal/mja-instructions-authors). Watch for the July issue marking the next volume and new look of your Journal.

A call for submissions

The MJA welcomes article submissions from individual researchers and from academic, medical and other institutes. When you submit a manuscript to the Journal, you enjoy a range of advantages:

  • The MJA is one of the world’s leading general medical journals (ranked globally among the top 20).

  • The MJA has a high impact factor (4.089 in 2014).

  • The MJA has an extensive domestic and global readership.

  • The MJA has a regular print distribution of more than 31 000 copies each issue.

  • The articles online at https://www.mja.com.au receive more than 395 000 page views from almost 188 000 users each month.

  • Unlike many journals, it is completely free to publish in the MJA.

  • Unlike many journals, all original research articles are open access and made freely available.

  • You will be working with a professional team of editors who will guide you through the publishing process from manuscript to final publication.

  • The MJA is highly influential and its articles attract community and press interest.

  • You will be contributing to public knowledge and debate about current research in clinical medicine and public health policy.

All submissions are subject to our rigorous peer review and assessment process in order to maintain the high scientific and intellectual standards that underpin the reputation of the MJA. We are working to maintain these high standards while providing a more rapid turnaround of decisions. You can find detailed information on how to format your manuscripts for submission at https://www.mja.com.au/journal/mja-instructions-authors.

Thank you for reading and contributing to the MJA.

[Correspondence] Iran and science publishing in the post-sanctions era

After Iran and a group of six other countries signed a landmark nuclear agreement in July, 2015, with the aim of lifting sanctions imposed on Iran for a decade, the future of science research in Iran has become a major topic of interest among academics and policy makers worldwide. It will now be interesting to explore and understand what can be expected of scientific development in Iran now that the sanctions have been lifted. Although the sanctions might have led to national advancements in some specific research fields, they have also had serious side-effects on higher education in Iran.

[Comment] Pragmatic trials in critically ill children are CATCHing on

The many barriers impeding performance of clinical trials in critically ill children1 have resulted in a paucity of evidence guiding bedside practice.2 Children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit are heterogeneous. Not only does age vary (ie, from newborn babies to adolescents), but also the broad causes of illness include congenital disorders, recovery from surgery, neurological emergencies, overwhelming infections, and traumatic injuries. Traditional explanatory trials are designed to test causal research hypotheses by assessing a tightly controlled intervention in a selected subgroup of patients.

[Correspondence] The GAS trial

This letter represents a consensus response study from the Safe Anesthesia For Every Tot (SAFETOTS) initiative which addresses the need for teaching, training, education, supervision, and research inot the safe conduct of paediatric anaesthesia.1

[Comment] Increasing value and reducing waste in biomedical research: librarians are listening and are part of the answer

David Moher and colleagues1 asked who is listening to calls to increase value and reduce waste in biomedical research. They documented the response of the different stakeholder groups identified in the Lancet Research: Increasing Value, Reducing Waste Series2–6 and the Lancet REWARD (REduce research Waste And Reward Diligence) Campaign. However, there is one group that has not been explicitly discussed: biomedical librarians and information scientists.7 The role of librarians in supporting biomedical research could be substantially expanded by acknowledging their skills and embracing their involvement in research departments, funding bodies, and journal editorial offices.

[Review] Increasing value and reducing waste in biomedical research: who’s listening?

The biomedical research complex has been estimated to consume almost a quarter of a trillion US dollars every year. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that a high proportion of this sum is avoidably wasted. In 2014, The Lancet published a series of five reviews showing how dividends from the investment in research might be increased from the relevance and priorities of the questions being asked, to how the research is designed, conducted, and reported. 17 recommendations were addressed to five main stakeholders—funders, regulators, journals, academic institutions, and researchers.

In brief…

How to spend $20bn

Eminent medical researcher Professor Ian Frazer will lead a board charged with advising the Federal Government on investing funds from the $20 billion Medical Research Future Fund.

Professor Frazer, who will be joined by seven other directors drawn from the private sector and academia, will develop the five-year Australian Medical Research and Innovation Strategy, and set priorities every two years.

“The Advisory Board will ensure that any expenditure from the MRFF will have a strong business case, ensuring that the financial assistance provided…delivers the greatest value for all Australians,” Health Minister Sussan Ley said.

E-health overseer

The Commonwealth and the states and territories have agreed to set up the Australian Digital Health Agency to oversee the provision of national electronic health records and other digital health services.

The agency, which will begin operations in July, will be responsible for management of the national digital health strategy, and the design and operation of systems including the Commonwealth’s My Health Record.

Greens target ‘wasteful’ rebate

The Australian Greens would scrap the private health insurance rebate and reinvest the funds in public hospitals.

As political parties sharpen their policies ahead of the Federal election, the Greens have pledged to axe the “wasteful” PHI rebate, freeing up $10 billion over four years which would be redirected to the public hospital system.

Greens leader and public health specialist Dr Richard Di Natale said his party would also reinstate the joint Federal-State hospital funding model scrapped by the Coalition so that the Commonwealth would match 50 per cent of the efficient growth in hospital costs, with the change enshrined in law.

Trial run

The nation’s health ministers have committed to making Australia more attractive for clinical trials to boost investment and improve access to new medicines.

The ministers said that more needed to be done to make Australia a preferred location for clinical trials, including reducing fragmentation and inefficiencies. They have asked the Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council to develop options to organise sites, increase administrative efficiencies, improve engagement with sponsors, and reduce trial start-up times.

All the same

The nation’s hospitals will save $270 million over the next decade with the introduction of single standardised chart for the supply and reimbursement of Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme medicines.

Commonwealth, state and territory health ministers have agreed to harmonise legislation to allow for the use of the standardised chart, in a move that will ease the regulatory burden on prescribers, pharmacists and nurses, improve patient safety and cut hospital administration overheads by around $27 a year. The new charts will be available from July.

A joint approach

The Commonwealth and the states will look at opportunities to jointly commission mental health services, including through Primary Healthcare Networks, following an agreement struck at the COAG Health Council meeting.

The agreement was suggested by the Queensland Government, which emphasised the need to identify opportunities for the joint commissioning of services across the Commonwealth and state-funded health services “[to] support a more integrated approach to service delivery and reduce any potential duplication”.

The meeting agreed that mental health was one of the areas where opportunities for joint commissioning would be explored, and called on PHNs to work with Local Health Networks to “align mental health commissioning efforts” from July.

Adrian Rollins

 

A new way to breathe easier

A minimally invasive surgical procedure to prevent airways constricting could substantial improve control of asthma and reduce reliance on medication to manage the condition.

An Australian trial of 17 patients has found that bronchial thermoplasty, which involves using the heated tip of a catheter inserted into the airway to burn away excess smooth muscle, has found the procedure to be safe while delivering significant benefits in controlling asthma.

The procedure has been likened to the use of laser surgery to improve eyesight, and Director of Thoracic Medicine at Peninsula Health, Associate Professor David Langton, who was lead researcher of the trial, said the technique could be a game changer.

“We’re at the tip of a new paradigm for how we treat asthma,” A/Professor Langton. “The results of these trials could have a global impact and completely revolutionise our approach.”

Around 2.3 million Australians have asthma, and up to 10 per cent have difficulty managing the condition using standard treatments such as inhalers.

The trial involved patients with both moderate and severe forms of the condition, and found response to bronchial thermoplasty was greatest among those suffering asthma the worst. Encouragingly, the benefits have been sustained.

A/Professor Langton has called for the widespread adoption of the procedure.

“This is a safe, effective, affordable procedure that has the potential to transform the lives of people struggling to control their asthma, offering the hope of less medication and an improved quality of life,” he said. “The sooner we can make it available to those that need it, the better.”

The research was presented to the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand’s Annual Scientific Meeting.

Adrian Rollins